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Lesson 4 of 11

What Are Intervals?

An interval is the distance between two notes, measured in semitones (half steps). Tap any interval below to see and hear it from C.

Understanding Interval Names

Every interval has two parts: a quality (perfect, major, minor, augmented, diminished) and a number (2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.) based on how many letter names it spans.

Perfect intervals

Unison, 4th, 5th, and Octave — stable and consonant, the backbone of harmony.

Major & Minor intervals

2nds, 3rds, 6ths, and 7ths — major sounds bright, minor sounds darker.

Interval Characters

m2 / M2

Dissonant / Gentle step

m3 / M3

Sad / Happy

P4 / P5

Open / Powerful

Tritone

Tense, unstable

m6 / M6

Bittersweet / Warm

m7 / M7

Bluesy / Dreamy

Select an interval below to visualize it

Simple Intervals — tap to hear

Compound Intervals (Beyond the Octave)

When an interval spans more than one octave, it is called a compound interval. These have the same quality as their simple counterpart, just an octave (or more) higher. For example, a 9th is simply a 2nd played an octave higher.

9th

= 2nd + octave

10th

= 3rd + octave

11th

= 4th + octave

12th

= 5th + octave

13th

= 6th + octave

15th

= Double octave

Next: Interval Practice